#Prisma 2 case odds manual#
#Prisma 2 case odds free#

Our search was limited to human studies that were published in the English literature. Eligibility and exclusion criteria were pre-specified. Studies were compared to eliminate duplicate reports for the same patients, which included contact with investigators when necessary. Authors of selected papers were contacted to obtain missing data and only data from individuals with known HBV status were included in the meta-analysis. 11 Data on study design, study period, patient characteristics, HBV prevalence, and kidney disease outcomes were abstracted. It was previously demonstrated that a Medline search alone might not be sensitive enough. Reference lists from qualitative topic reviews and published clinical studies were also searched.

#Prisma 2 case odds manual#

An additional search was performed with electronic searches of the Cochrane Library manual searches of selected specialty journals were done to identify all pertinent literature.

#Prisma 2 case odds free#

We applied the following algorithm in medical subject heading and in free text words: (вЂњHEPATITIS BвЂќ or вЂњHEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTIONвЂќ or вЂњHBsAg POSITIVE STATUSвЂќ or вЂњHBc ANTIBODY POSITIVE STATUSвЂќ) and (вЂњCHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASEвЂќ or вЂњCKDвЂќ or вЂњENDSTAGE RENAL DISEASEвЂќ or вЂњESRDвЂќ or вЂњLOW GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATEвЂќ or вЂњRENAL IMPAIRMENTвЂќ or вЂњRENAL INSUFFICIENCYвЂќ or вЂњRENAL FAILUREвЂќ or вЂњPROTEINURIAвЂќ or вЂвЂ™GLOMERULONEPHRITISвЂ™вЂ™) and (вЂњRELATIVE RISKвЂќ or вЂњRISK RATIOвЂќ or вЂњRRвЂќ or вЂњODDS RATIOвЂќ or вЂњORвЂќ or вЂњHAZARD RATIOвЂќ or вЂњHRвЂќ or вЂњINCIDENCEвЂќ). Our Medline search was limited to human studies. We conducted our search by four Medline databases engines (Embase, Grateful Med, Ovid, and PubMed). Data on HBsAg status were not available before 1970, when the first assay for HBsAg was manufactured. D.) independently reviewed English-language citations from the national Library of MedicineвЂ™s Medline database from 1970 through July 1, 2015. The aim of this study was to review the available evidence on the link between HBV infection and frequency of chronic kidney disease (low estimated glomerular filtration rate and/or detectable proteinuria) at population-based level by performing a systematic review of the literature with a metaanalysis of clinical observational studies. Whether HBV-infected individuals have increased risk for development and progression of chronic kidney disease has not been appropriately investigated. 7 Either insulin resistance 8 and oxidative stress 9 have been related to HBV infection both conditions may contribute to renal injury. 6 Also, chronic hepatitis B serum promotes apoptotic damage in human renal tubular cells. 5 association between HBV infection and glomerular disease has been already explored by various authors the most common type of HBV-related glomerulonephritis is membranous nephropathy, particularly in the Asian continent. Manifestations related to HBV include mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, and renal disease. In addition to its effects in the liver, extra-hepatic manifestations may be observed in up to 20% of patients infected with HBV, in both acute and chronic infections. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important cause of liver disease and cancer and infects about 400 million individuals worldwide. 4 However, the mechanisms underlying the current frequency of chronic kidney disease in the general population of developed world remain unclear. 1 Conventional risk factors for chronic kidney disease include demographics (aging, gender), lifestyles (smoking, alcohol intake, physical exercise), and co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, anaemia, overweight) 2 also, chronic hepatitis C virus infection has been recently associated to the risk of chronic disease in the general population 3 and among HIV-infected individuals. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease, defined by a reduction in glomerular filtration rate and/or increased urinary albumin excretion, exceeds 10% of the adult general population, according to some populationbased studies. Chronic kidney disease is a growing public health issue worldwide.